When trying to lock a lazy loaded entity with em.refresh(e, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE);, Hibernate seemingly does nothing (no SQL / select for update is executed).

This only happens if the entity was not accessed prior to locking / refreshing the entity. As soon as an attribute is read, the refresh executes as expected. This behavior makes sense for a regular refresh (the entity wasn't yet loaded after all). However, this is not what I would expect if I specifically ask JPA to lock the entity with the refresh. Here, the select for update should be executed unconditionally.

Downstream quarkus bug:

Test case PR: