Hibernate fails with two kinds of exceptions on a compsite-key join table that references two composite keys (one column shared by both foreign keys): see ZipArea.java and PostAddress.java inside the attached file

1. When having both entity classes use the annotations as they should be (ZipArea having @Entity and @Table, PostAddress association having @ManyToOne and @JoinColumns) then I get:

18.08.2010 18:22:51 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Marking servlet Geo Info Test Servlet as unavailable
18.08.2010 18:22:51 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext loadOnStartup
SCHWERWIEGEND: Servlet /geoinfotest threw load() exception
org.hibernate.MappingException: Unable to find column with logical name: state_code in ZipAreas
at org.hibernate.cfg.Ejb3JoinColumn.checkReferencedColumnsType(Ejb3JoinColumn.java:573)
at org.hibernate.cfg.BinderHelper.createSyntheticPropertyReference(BinderHelper.java:125)
at org.hibernate.cfg.ToOneFkSecondPass.doSecondPass(ToOneFkSecondPass.java:110)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.processEndOfQueue(Configuration.java:1618)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.processFkSecondPassInOrder(Configuration.java:1541)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1457)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildMappings(Configuration.java:1413)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildMappings(Ejb3Configuration.java:1453)
at org.hibernate.ejb.EventListenerConfigurator.configure(EventListenerConfigurator.java:193)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:1081)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:275)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:359)
at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:56)
at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:48)
at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:32)
at geoinfotest.GeoInfoTestServlet.<init>(GeoInfoTestServlet.java:16)
...

This is the most constant and frequent error. Note though, when I removed all the INDEXes from the database it sometimes happens that Hibernate can't find the column in Cities:

18.08.2010 19:37:43 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Marking servlet Geo Info Test Servlet as unavailable
18.08.2010 19:37:43 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext loadOnStartup
SCHWERWIEGEND: Servlet /geoinfotest threw load() exception
org.hibernate.MappingException: Unable to find column with logical name: state_code in Cities
at org.hibernate.cfg.Ejb3JoinColumn.checkReferencedColumnsType(Ejb3JoinColumn.java:573)
at org.hibernate.cfg.BinderHelper.createSyntheticPropertyReference(BinderHelper.java:125)
at org.hibernate.cfg.ToOneFkSecondPass.doSecondPass(ToOneFkSecondPass.java:110)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.processEndOfQueue(Configuration.java:1618)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.processFkSecondPassInOrder(Configuration.java:1541)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1457)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildMappings(Configuration.java:1413)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildMappings(Ejb3Configuration.java:1453)
at org.hibernate.ejb.EventListenerConfigurator.configure(EventListenerConfigurator.java:193)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:1081)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:275)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:359)
at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:56)
at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:48)
at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:32)
at geoinfotest.GeoInfoTestServlet.<init>(GeoInfoTestServlet.java:16)
...

2. When outcommenting PostAddress's @ManyToOne and @JoinColumns on zipArea and leaving @Entity and @Table on ZipArea class, I get the following exception:

18.08.2010 18:05:02 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Marking servlet Geo Info Test Servlet as unavailable
18.08.2010 18:05:02 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext loadOnStartup
SCHWERWIEGEND: Servlet /geoinfotest threw load() exception
org.hibernate.AnnotationException: referencedColumnNames(country_code, state_code, name) of geoinfotest.ZipArea.city referencing geoinfotest.City not mapped to a single property
at org.hibernate.cfg.BinderHelper.createSyntheticPropertyReference(BinderHelper.java:204)
at org.hibernate.cfg.ToOneFkSecondPass.doSecondPass(ToOneFkSecondPass.java:110)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.processEndOfQueue(Configuration.java:1618)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.processFkSecondPassInOrder(Configuration.java:1541)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1457)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildMappings(Configuration.java:1413)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildMappings(Ejb3Configuration.java:1453)
at org.hibernate.ejb.EventListenerConfigurator.configure(EventListenerConfigurator.java:193)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:1081)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:275)
at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.configure(Ejb3Configuration.java:359)
at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:56)
at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:48)
at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:32)
at geoinfotest.GeoInfoTestServlet.<init>(GeoInfoTestServlet.java:16)
...

I have no idea what's going on. The special situation of the ZipAreas join table is that it references country_code of both tables. As a result, I have only one country_code column, which is used twice by ZipArea's foreign keys. Maybe that's confusing Hibernate. I can only guess. The strange thing is that Hibernate fails with City not being mapped to a single property or not being able to map state_code. My assumption is that Hibernate gobbles on that special design in conjunction with indexes. Just guessing though.

Here's my original forum post: https://forum.hibernate.org/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=1006411
The DB design can be viewed here: http://www.kawoolutions.com/media/geoinfo.pdf

I have attached a ZIP of the test project including an Ant build script (including deploy-local, undeploy-local, and redeploy-local targets using the Tomcat deployment tasks). I outcommented the Tomcat deploy task setup and targets.

Use "ant war" to build the distribution WAR file. I also put a MySQL DDL script into the db dir, including the above PDF, and a MySQL Workbench model. The example doesn't need data to fail. The DB name is "geoinfo". Just set your MySQL DB username and password in xml/persistence.xml (I think it's not even needed).